Sudan Food Famine and the Production Possibilities Curve Assignment

Sudan Food Famine and the Production Possibilities Curve - Assignment Example buyers and many are still dying hungry .This has seen the occurrence of a hunger disaster in this state where 70,000 people have died according to the United Nations. Worse still, there have been challenges in the aversion of the famine due to the attention of humanitarian aid being directed to tsunami victims and the fact that agricultural equipment and seed stock lie in destruction. There is also a reduction in the capacity of production, where it scales down by a factor of five in the West Darfur region for instance. This has been due to the instillation of fear; displacement and murder of the families who carry out are farming. Basically, a reduction in the units of labor translates to a decline in productivity. Another factor is the diversion of economic activities by the farmers who have had their harvest stolen upon harvest. Another effect has been on the increase on the number of workers and a decrease in the amounts of wages where workers are engaging in other economic activities such as weaving, brick making with little pay. An increase in the amount of labor leads to a decrease in the amount of wage received by

A View From the Bridge in Act One Essay Example for Free

A View From the Bridge in Act One Essay A View from the Bridge is a play written by Arthur Miller. This play is set in America in the 1950s, in an Italian American neighbourhood under the Brooklyn Bridge in New York. The area Eddie Carbone and his family live in is called Red Hook, a tightly knit community where neighbours are almost like family and everyone knows everything about each other. Red Hook is a poor area where all the families are in the same situation; men work at the docks and the women stay at home cooking, cleaning and caring for the children. Most of Millers work is set in America and portrays realistic characters and events. He deals with political and moral issues and weaves in ideas from Greek Tragedy. He is interested in how personal relationships dictate the way one leads ones life and about peoples struggles to do what is right. In this play, Eddie is the tragic hero; he mirrors the hubris characteristic. This will foreshadow to the audience that he will be the reason for his own downfall. The Hubris character, mentioned in one of Alfieris speeches, would tell the audience that Eddie would always thing that hes right and no one would be strong enough to stand up and prove him wrong. Miller gives us clues about the play through dramatic irony (audience will begin to understand that Eddies feelings towards his niece arent right), symbolism (the characters on stage use a lot of words that have several meanings, and one of those popular words in this play is sugar, which was mostly used to represent Catherine), foreshadowing (Miller gives us a straight introduction to the lawyer of this play who foreshadows a blood-shed ending. Eddie also foreshadows his own future actions by telling his family about Vinny Bolzano) and by using stage directions (the audience gets a better understanding of the play by looking at the positions of the different characters, for example, throughout this play Eddie slowly becomes separated from his family, he becomes isolated, this is represented through the different arrangements on scene, towards the end of act one, Eddies mostly found sitting or standing by himself). This can also be seen through Eddies language towards his niece (I dont like the looks they are giving you in the candy store), the names he calls her Kate, the way he behaves to her and also through Beatrices and Alfieris actions and conversations to Eddie to try and stop what Eddies doing. Each of the dramatic functions shows us that theres something wrong with Eddie and his relationship with his niece and this could also possibly cause his own downfall. This play mirrors a Greek tragedy where the outcome is known. In this Greek tragedy, the hubris character is represented as Eddie. Our narrator, Alfieri, whos also an unlucky lawyer, guides us throughout the play and he sometimes gives the audience hints and clues about whatll happen next. Hes the one who introduces the play at the beginning. He says In some Caesar year another lawyer heard the same complaint and sat there as powerless as I and watched run its bloody course. His speech tells us that what is going to happen is inevitable. It happens again and again and no one can stop it. The word bloody tells us that this play will end with blood, perhaps a death. Another lawyer backs up one of my previous point, which shows that this happens again and again. Caesar also shows us that this started years ago. These words also give us a basic idea of the settings. Miller wanted to retell this story with an ordinary family; this is foreshadowing the inevitable tragic ending. In this play our hero is Eddie, Eddie Carbone. He is a flawed-hero who doesnt recognise his feelings towards Catherine, whom he also calls Kate. However, hes not only a flaw-hero; hes also a real hero. His actions show us this, for example he welcomes the idea of the illegal immigrants. Eddie tells Beatrice that its an honour, B. I mean it. Hes benevolent as well as generous. Eddie has supported his family and has also brought up Catherine. So in this section, Miller uses foreshadowing and Greek characters to make the audience aware of the tragic ending. Through foreshadowing, he makes the audience conscious that he is a real-hero because he helps Catherine, looked after her for all these years and accepted the immigrants into his house without any trouble. But the audience will also be familiar with the fact that he is a flawed-hero, this is because of Alfieris speech, which is right at the beginning of the play. Alfieri mentions Hubris and that is the type of character that Eddie is mirroring. This will give a hint to the audience that his downfall would probably be caused by his own thoughts that others arent able to prove wrong, even if they do prove it wrong; Eddie ends up finding something wrong in there too. The whole man that Alfieri describes in Eddie is the self-interested man. Eddies actions within the play are completely motivated by his own desires at the expense of others. Hints about Eddies obsession with Catherine were given right at the beginning. This will also make the audience aware of a tragic ending, his incorrect kind of obsession will obviously cause his downfall, and furthermore the audience will also start to wonder the extremes that he will go to, to keep his niece safe from men. Eddies obsession has one way or another extended, this has also led him to more acts. The audience starts to realise this when he says you are walking wavy. This is not a usual relationship between an uncle and a niece. The audience will start to understand that something is wrong there. Wavy also emphasises the point that she does it on purpose, like moving her hips, its a natural thing to do, some people might suggest that shes also attention seeking. However other people might suggest that it suggests a sexual manner which Eddie accuses Catherine of having just in her walk. Eddie doesnt seem to know that hes over-protecting Catherine. He doesnt like her dressing-up herself, which could be seen as something that young girls usually do in the eyes of the audience. But others might also argue that hes just doing the job of a good uncle. However when he says Whats the high heels for garbo? , the way he says might again make the audience take their sides. Though the word garbo, the audience will realise that again his feelings are wrong, this is because he compares a beautiful actress to his niece. High heels also shows that he doesnt like other people seeing her in the way he does, she can look pretty in the house but in front of other men, she has to look simple. This will also the make the audience aware of his own downfall, his feelings towards Catherine arent right, he tries to lead and control the situation, and this also makes the audience anticipate whats going on between Eddie and Catherine. He also doesnt want her to have a job. The audience understands this when he says I know that neighbourhood B, I dont like it. Eddies again showing his over protectiveness by not allowing Catherine to go to work. This quote again can have lots of meanings, for example, some people might think that Eddie doesnt seem to like Kate to be working with other men, but others might suggest that its just Eddie looking at Catherine like a child, like a kid. Eddie definitely doesnt want Catherine to get mixed up with men. We see that when Catherine waves at Louis, Eddie seems to not like it even though Louis is just a well-known family friend. This might also be because he doesnt like her socialising with men. He tells her that he knows stuff about Louis that she doesnt know. Miller also foreshadows Eddies end by introducing the story of Vinnie. This is the story of a young boy who snitches on his own immigrant uncle. Eddie lectures Beatrice and Catherine in Act one, he says Just remember, kid, you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word that you gave away. This means that he know what the impacts will be if anyone found people at their house. This can also be seen as ironic because he ends up doing it himself just like the little boy so the audience might compare these two characters and decide that Eddie has the heart and brain of a kid when he phones them so he doesnt really know what he is doing. This quote also reveals that Eddie knows his own fate- he knows what will happen to him but cannot escape his fate. Much like Alfieri, Eddie watches himself make decisions he knows will not only ruin his reputation in the community, but also kill him. Eddie may know the consequences of what he does, but remains powerless or too mad to stop it. Miller sets up Eddie so vehemently against betrayal that his transition on the betrayer seems illogical, so this is another way in which Miller makes the audience aware of the tragic ending, he makes Eddie go to his extremes and the audience will just have to watch the consequences.

Normandy Invasion :: essays research papers

As they prepared for a cross-Channel assault on France, the Western Allies built up on British soil one of the largest and most powerful invasion forces in history. For 2 months before the landing, while troops, equipment, and supplies poured into Britain, the Allied air forces bombed railroads, bridges, airfields, and fortifications in France and Belgium and continued their attacks on German industrial centers. Postponed by delays in gathering the necessary landing equipment and by weather and tidal conditions, Operation Overlord, with Eisenhower in command, began on June 6, 1944, afterward known as D-Day. Throughout the preceding night, paratroopers were dropped behind German coastal defenses to sever communications and seize key defense posts. Hundreds of warships and innumerable small craft supported the invasion. Between 6:30 and 7:30 A.M., waves of Allied troops moved ashore between Cherbourg and Le Havre in history's largest amphibious operation, involving approximately 5,000 ships of all kinds. About 11,000 Allied aircraft operated over the invasion area. More than 150,000 troops disembarked at Normandy on D-Day. Because all major French ports in the north were mined and fortified, the Allies improvised two artificial harbors, with pontoons, breakwaters, and sunken ships. One of the harbors was destroyed by a severe Atlantic gale, but the other worked perfectly. Twenty pipelines below the Channel were used to bring in critical supplies of gasoline for the tanks. The Germans had anticipated an Allied invasion of western Europe at about this time but were surprised by its location. Gen. Gerd von Rundstedt, commander of German forces in the West, had expected the Allies to take the shortest water route and land at Pas de Calais. A British intelligence operation called Ultra, having broken key German ciphers, learned of his misapprehension. To capitalize on the situation, the Allies stationed a phantom army in Kent that reinforced Rundstedt's mistaken opinion. It may also have influenced Hitler to decide against sending reserve panzer divisions to Normandy, a decision that greatly facilitated the landing and the establishment of beachheads.

Managing financial resources Essay

Rules and regulations: Plagiarism is presenting somebody else’s work as your own. It includes: copying information directly from the Web or books without referencing the material; submitting joint coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s coursework; stealing coursework from another student and submitting it as your own work. Suspected plagiarism will be investigated and if found to have occurred will be dealt with according to the procedures set down by the College. Please see your student handbook for further details of what is / isn’t plagiarism. Coursework Regulations 1 Students are required to submit their coursework on-line through online e-learning system http://stponline.org.uk. Detailed information about this is available in the student handbook submission 2 Details of submission procedures and penalty fees can be obtained from Academic Administration or the general student handbook. 3 Late coursework will be accepted by Academic Administration Office and marked according to the guidelines given in your Student Handbook for this year. 4 If you need an extension (even for one day) for a valid reason, you must request one, using a coursework extension request form available from the Academic Administration Office. Do not ask the lecturers responsible for the course – they are not authorised to award an extension. The completed form must be accompanied by evidence such as a medical certificate in the event of you being sick. 5 General guidelines for submission of coursework: a All work must be word-processed and must be of â€Å"good† standard. b Document margins shall not be more than 2.5cm or less than 1.5cm c Font size in the range of 11 to 14 points distributed to including headings and body text. Preferred typeface to be of a common standard such as Arial or Times New Roman for the main text. d Any computer files generated such as programme code (software), graphic files that form part of the course work must be submitted either online with the documentation. e The copy of the course  work submitted may not be returned to you after marking and you are advised to have your personal copy for your reference. f All work completed, including any software constructed may not be used for any purpose other than the purpose of intended study without prior written permission from St Patrick’s International College. Outcomes and assessment requirements Assignment title Managing Financial Resources in the health and Social Care Organisations – CARETECH HOLDING PLS Learning Outcome (LO) Assessment Criteria In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to: LO1 – TASK 1 Understand how systems are used to manage financial resources in health and social care 1.1 D2 Explain the principles of costing and business control systems 1.2 Identify information needed to manage financial resources 1.3 M1 Explain the regulatory requirements for managing financial resources 1.4 Evaluate systems for managing financial resources in a health or care organisation LO2 – TASK 2 Understand the role of planning in the management of health and social care budgets 2.1 M3 Discuss the diverse sources of income that may be encountered in health and social care 2.2 D1 Analyse the factors that may influence the availability of financial resources in health and social care organisations 2.3 Review different types of budget expenditure in health and social care organisations 2.4 Evaluate how decisions about expenditure are made within a health or social care organisation LO3 – TASK 3 Understand the importance of monitoring budget expenditure in health and social care organisations 3.1 D3 Explain how financial shortfalls can be managed 3.2 M3 Explain the actions to be taken in the event of suspected fraud 3.3 D2 Evaluate budget monitoring arrangements in a health or social care organisation LO4 – TASK 4 Understand how systems and processes for managing financial resources influence health and social care services. 4.1 D3 Identify information required to make financial decisions relating to a health and social care service 4.2 Analyse the relationship between a health and social care service delivered, costs and expenditure 4.3 M1 Evaluate how financial considerations impact upon an individual using the health and social care service 4.4 D1 Suggest ways to improve the health and social care service through changes to financial systems and processes Learner declaration I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged. Student signature: Date: In addition to the above PASS criteria, this assignment gives you the opportunity to submit evidence in order to achieve the following MERIT and DISTINCTION grades Grade Descriptor Indicative characteristic/s Contextualisation M1 Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions An effective approach to study and research has been applied You will discuss at least three (3) financial considerations that affect and influence funding of care cost in a nursing and residential home (LO 4.3) Make effective judgment on the impact of regulators on the quality of care in the NHS; state at least two regulators and explain their roles (LO 1.3) M2 Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques A range of sources of information has been used To achieve M2, you will have to cite all references and sources of material used both for in-text citation and reference page. You will follow the Harvard referecing style through out your assignment. M3 Present and communicate appropriate findings Coherent, logical development of principles/concept for the intended audience The answer should consist of the at least 2 subheadings fully explained: (i) The red flags of fraud (ii) Actions to take in the event of fraud (LO 3.2) Explain the meaning of tecchical terms and functions in the Health organsiation (CCG, Capitation, Private equity) as you discuss the various sources of income for health and social care organisation (LO 2.1) D1 Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions Conclusion arrived at through synthesis of ideas & justicfied You will explain and justify the various scheme proposed to improve the health care delivery by changes in the financial systems (LO 4.4) You will discuss the factors that mostly affect and influence availability of resource and suggest how health and social organisation can use that to their advantage (LO2.2) D2 Take responsibility for managing and organising activities The importance of interdependence recognised and achieved You will demonstrate with diagram and table, the budget monitoring arrangement. You will need to provide clear link of the process (LO 3.3) You will identify and explain the six NHS approve costing guidiance. State and explain the categories of cost (e.g Fixed/Variable; Direct/Indirect) and costing concept (cost centre, cost object and cost unit (LO 1.1) D3 Demonstrate convergent/lateral/ creative thinking Innovation/Creative thought have been applied Review the financial statements (Balance sheet & Profit and loss) and draw out at least seven types of information needed to make decision in CareTech (LO 4.1) You need to present the best practice in the health sector in  managing financial shortfall. A reference should be made to an innocative way used in the NSH (LO 3.1) Assignment brief Assignment title Managing Financial Resources in the health and Social Care Organisations – CARETECH HOLDING PLS Purpose of this assignment The health and social act 2012 requires health practionals and social care managers to be more innovate, more productive and more accountable while delivering the NHS, Adult Social care and Public health outcomes (quality, safety and patient experience) By carring out this assignment learners will be equipped with the knowledge and understanding needed to monitor costs, make predictions, evaluate the process of effective control of resource allocation, including shortfalls, and make recommendations for expenditure in health and social care organisation Scenario You are one of the home managers for CareTech Holdings PLC, a leading UK provider of specialist social care services. You have been invited to present a report to the Directors of the company, MONITOR-NHS and some CCG representatives as part of government review and monitoring of your care home This report is aimed to demonstrate your understanding and knowledge in Planning and managing budget in your home, it will show your skills in resource control and managing shortfall with your ability to make prediction and make recommendation for the future expenditure in CareTech Holding PLC Your report should cover and incorporate all the task and learning outcomes below (3,000 words) You should refer to the assessment criteria and the relevant unit content, when preparing your evidence of assessment. You can access the Annual report of CareTech Holdings PLC for 2013 at: http://www.caretech-uk.com/~/media/Files/C/Caretech-UK/press-release/pr-2013/2013-preliminary-results.pdf or the condenced version of the annual report on STP online; Assignment Folder section Learning outcome 1 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) M1, D2 1.1Explain the principles of costing and business control systems that may be adopted in CareTech Holding PLC. D2 1.2 What were the information needed to manage financial resource for CareTech Holding PLC in 2013 financial ending? 1.3 What regulatory requirements need to be satisfied while managing financial resources in CareThech Holding PLC? M1 1.4 Evaluate the systems for managing financial resources in CareTech Holding PLC ? Learning outcome 2 (LO 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4) M3 and D1 2.1 What are the diverse sources of income avaialabe to CareTech PLC in the financial year in 2013? M3 2.2 Analyse the factors that may influence the availability of financial resources in CareTech PLC? D1 2.3 Review different types of budget expenditure in CareTech PLC. 2.4 Evaluate how decisions about expenditure could be made in CareTech PLC Learning outcome 3 (LO 3.1, 3.2, 3.3) M3, D2 and D3 3.1 Assuming there was financial shortfall in CareTech PLC; explain how this situation could be managed? D3 3.2 What action you would take if you suspect occurrence of financial fraud in your organisation? M3 3.3 Evaluate budget monitoring arrangements in CareTech PLC. D2 Learning outcome 4 (LO 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) M1, D1, and D3 4.1 Identify information required to make financial decisions relating to CareTech PLC D3 4.2 Analyse the relationship between care service delivered and ‘costs and expenditure’. 4.3 Evaluate how financial considerations impact upon a service user. M1 4.4 Suggest ways to improve the care service provided by CareTech PLC through changes to its financial systems and processes. D1

Henistbury Head

Henistbury Head is a headland on the coast of Bournemouth in England. It was made a SSSI (a site of special scientific interest) and contains an ancient Iron Age fortification and settlement called the Double Dykes. In this essay I will be explaining to you the problems that Henistbury Head encounters and the possible solutions. It attracts over 1 million visitors a year, who come to see the wide variety of exotic animals that come to Henistbury Head to breed, these exotic animals include: the Dartford Warbler, the Cetti's Warbler, the Song Thrush, the Skylark, the Kestrel, the Barn Owl, the Little Owl, the Otter, the Water Vole, Galloway Cattle, the Common Blue Butterfly, the Rabbit, Black- headed Gull and many more. Without this habitat to live in a lot of the local animals would die out because they rely on the woodland and grassland to live in and to find their food sources in. Also if this habitat were allowed to erode away the variety of plants that it harbours would all cease to exist in this area. Another point is the beach has a lot of beach houses along the coast, which each cost over i100,000 so it brings a lot of money to this particular area of Bournemouth. The Reasons why it was made an SSSI was because of its variety of wildlife that does not live in any other areas of this country and to allow it to erode away it would lose this status as the wildlife gradually ceases to exist. There are many methods of dealing with this case of erosion and the visitors and the residents all have different opinions on what should be done to save Henistbury Head. The residents in Bournemouth would like a sea wall built to protect their houses and to preserve the beach. This is a very costly method and the consequences of this would be that the noise and the damage from the construction workers could affect the wildlife and destroy the environment they were trying to protect. The visitors would like to leave the beach as it and to do this they would provide beach nourishment to the coast to prevent it from being eroded and spoiling it. The effects of this would be that the residents homes would be unprotected. The plants and wildlife live in a delicate environment and the effects of adding anything to the beach could be that it upsets the environmental balance and the plants and wildlife will be either reduced or will relocate themselves. The natural processes that Bournemouth council are trying to protect the Headland against is erosion and longshore drift. Erosion is where acid rain, bird droppings and the sea are eating away at the cliff and headland. The longshore drift on the west was protected against this by building a long groyne but this has trapped a lot of shingle and sand there leaving the east side of Henistbury Head vulnerable to erosion and longshore drift. The options that Bournemouth council have produced to prevent Henistbury Head from being eroded away are the following: Letting the headland erode away naturally and not waste any money (this will mean that the residents homes and the cost will be unprotected). The second option is to continue to nourish the beach with sand and shingle, by bringing them in from offshore (this is where you pump tonnes of shingle into the beaches,this will protect the coast but will not protect the headland and the residents homes). The third option is to build more gabions and groynes (gabions are cages filled with large rocks, these break the force of the waves and slow the movement of loose beach material, this is a very cost effective method and will protect the coast and the headland , groynes are long piles of rocks that stretch into the sea building this will protect the coast). The final option is to build a sea wall all the way along the beach at the east end of Henistbury Head (this is a long and thick concrete wall and it will protect the coast, the headland and the residents homes but it could cause the wildlife to leave Henistbury Head). The option that I would choose would be a compromise I would build gabions and groynes and I would continue to provide the beach with nourishment also I would shorten the length of the long groyne therefore allowing more shingle to flow freely. This would be a cost effective method as you do not have to pay a lot for these resources. The reasons I would use this instead of the other methods is because it will please both the residents and the visitors and would be very cheap to accomplice.

Totalitarianism essays

Totalitarianism essays The Cold War was a war between the USA and USSR. It was not a war like world war one or two but a war of ideological differences. The cold war was the result of mutual suspicions stemming from long term rivalries and ambitions amongst the two super powers. It lasted from 1947 to 1992 and between that time much hostility and crises arose. The main problem between the two superpowers was based on ideological differences. USA believed in capitalism and were active anti-Communists. Russia was a communist country and wanted nothing to do with the capitalist way of living. These differences of ideology were the basis of the cold war and kept the cold war going for as long as it did. The cause of the cold war was based on the long-term rivalries and the ambitions between the two superpowers. There was potential rivalry amongst the superpowers early as the 19th century where it was predicted that America and Russia would become the superpowers and represent different ways of life. America relies upon a personal interest to accomplish his ends....the Russian centres all the authority of society in a single arm. Written in 1835 where there was already hostility among the two nations. The purpose of World War 1 and the post world war also caused essential differences. Wilson had said that the war was fought for the redemption, liberation and salvation for the world. Where as Lenin had said that the Great War was fought for the world proletarian revolution. One of the major causes of tension amongst the two superpowers was the western interference in the Russian civil war. The U.S and its allies had sent troops in to Russia to try and defeat the Bolshevik government under Lenin. This however didnt succeed and the Red army triumphed over the white forces. These were just some of the long time causes of the tensions that marked the Cold War. During World War II many events and decisions kept a sen ...

French Verbs of Perception Follow Their Own Drum Beat

French Verbs of Perception Follow Their Own Drum Beat French verbs of perception are verbs that, logically enough, indicate a perception or sensation. There are six common French verbs of perception:   Ã‚  Ã‚  apercevoir   to catch a glimpse of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ©couter  Ã‚  to listen to  Ã‚  Ã‚  entendre  Ã‚  to hear  Ã‚  Ã‚  regarder  Ã‚  to watch  Ã‚  Ã‚  sentir  Ã‚  to feel  Ã‚  Ã‚  voir  Ã‚  to see Verbs of perception and sensation may be followed by a noun or an infinitive. Note that in this construction, the French infinitive following the verb of perception is often translated into English as a present participle.For example:   Ã‚  Japerà §ois un arbre.I see (a glimpse of) a tree.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Japerà §ois tomber un arbre.I see (a glimpse of) a tree falling.   Ã‚  Jà ©coute les enfants.Im listening to the children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jà ©coute parler les enfants.Im listening to the children talking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jentends les à ©tudiants.I hear the students.Jentends arriver les à ©tudiants.I hear the students arriving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je regarde là ©quipe.Im watching the team.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je regarde jouer là ©quipe.Im watching the team play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je sens le vent.I feel the wind.Je sens souffler le vent.I feel the wind blowing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vois le chien.I see the dog.Je vois courir le chien.I see the dog running.   Word Order With Verbs of Perception Word order with French verbs of perception depends on whether the infinitive has a subject and/or object and whether these are nouns or pronouns.  How do you know whether the noun or pronoun that precedes the verb is the subject or the direct object? If the noun or pronoun is the person or thing performing the action of the infinitive, it  is the subject of the infinitive. If the person or pronoun is not performing the action but rather is being performed by the infinitive, it is the direct object. When the infinitive has either a subject pronoun or object pronoun, it must be placed in front of the main verb. Subject   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jentends les enfants arriver.(I hear the children arriving.)Je les entends arriver.Je regarde la fille à ©crire.(I see the girl writing.)Je la regarde à ©crire. Object   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jentends lire  lhistoire.(I hear the story being read.)Je lentends lire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  vois  coudre  une robe.(I see the dress being sewn.)Je la vois coudre. If the infinitive has a non-pronoun direct object and no subject, it must be placed after the infinitive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jentends lire lhistoire.(I hear the story being read.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vois coudre une robe.(I see the dress being sewn.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je regarde nettoyer la chambre.(Im watching the room being cleaned.) If the infinitive has a non-pronoun subject and no object, the subject can be placed either before or after the infinitive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jentends les enfants arriver.Jentends arriver les enfants.(I hear the children arriving.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je regarde la fille à ©crire.Je  regarde  Ãƒ ©crire la fille.(Im watching the girl write.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je sens le vent souffler.Je sens  souffler  le vent.(I feel the wind blowing.) If the infinitive has a non-pronoun subject as well as an object, you must place the subject in front of the infinitive and the object after it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jentends les enfants casser le jouet.(I hear the children breaking the toy.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je regarde le monsieur à ©crire une lettre.(Im watching the man write a letter.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je sens le vent caresser ma peau.(I feel the wind caressing my skin.) If the  subject  is a pronoun  (a.), it precedes the conjugated verb. If the  object  is a pronoun  (b.), it precedes the infinitive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  a.  Je les entends casser le jouet.(I hear them breaking the toy.)b.  Jentends les enfants le casser.(I hear the children breaking it.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  a.  Je le regarde à ©crire une lettre.(Im watching him write a letter.)b.  Je regarde un monsieur là ©crire.(Im watching a man write it.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  a.  Je le sens caresser ma peau.(I feel it caressing my skin.)  b.  Je sens le vent la caresser.(I feel the wind caressing it.) If both the subject and object are pronouns, you must place the subject in front of the main verb and the object after it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je les entends le casser.(I hear them breaking it.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je le regarde là ©crire.(Im watching him write it.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je le sens la caresser(I feel it caressing it.) Agreement With Verbs of Perception The rules of agreement for verbs of perception in the compound tenses are a bit different than for other verbs. Rather than agreeing with the direct object, as for most verbs conjugated with avoir in the compound tenses, verbs of perception only require agreement when the subject precedes the verb.  How do you know whether the noun or pronoun that precedes the verb is the subject or the direct object? If it is the person or thing performing the action of the infinitive, it is the subject of the infinitive and follows agreement  rule 1  below. If it is not performing the action but rather is being performed on by the infinitive, it is the direct object and follows  rule 2  below. 1.  If the  subject  of the infinitive precedes the verb of perception, there is agreement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai vu  tomber  la fille.I saw the girl fall.La fille que jai  vue  tomber.Je  lai  vue  tomber.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai regardà ©Ã‚  les  enfants  Ãƒ ©crire.I watched the children write.Les  enfants  que jai regardà ©s à ©crire.Je  les  ai regardà ©s à ©crire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai  entendu  arriver  les  Ãƒ ©tudiants.I watched the students arrive.Les à ©tudiants que jai entendus arriver.Je  les  ai  entendus  arriver. 2.  There is no agreement with the  direct object  of the infinitive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai vu  les  enfants  Ãƒ ©crire  les  lettres.(Enfants  is the subject;  lettres  is the direct object. Even if we leave out  enfants,  lettres  is still the direct object, so there is no agreement.)Jai vu à ©crire  les  lettres.I saw the letters get writtenLes lettres que jai vu à ©crire.Je  les  ai vu à ©crire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai entendu le monsieur lire une histoire.(Monsieur  is the subject;  histoire  is the direct object.)Jai entendu lire une histoireI heard a story get read.Lhistoire que jai entendu lire.Je lai entendu lire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai à ©coutà © une fille chanter les cantiques.(Fille  is the subject;  cantiques  is the direct object.)Jai à ©coutà © chanter les cantiques.I listened to the hymns (get) sung.Les cantiques que jai à ©coutà © chanter.Je les ai à ©coutà © chanter.

Lesson Plan on Present Perfect and Past Simple

Lesson Plan on Present Perfect and Past Simple The switch between the present perfect and the past simple is one of the most challenging aspects for English learners. There are a few reasons for this: Students use a language - such as German, French or Italian - which uses its version of the past simple and the present perfect interchangeably.Students find the difference between specific past experience (past simple) and general experience (present perfect) difficult.Students speak a language in which tense usage is much more loose such as Japanese. This lesson focuses on the switch by first narrowing the choices down to either the present perfect or the past simple. It asks students to first ask questions about general experience with ever and then drill down to the specifics with question words such as where, when, why etc. Aim Becoming more proficient in switching between the present perfect and the past simple Activity Number 1 Asking about experiences # 2 Writing about experiences Level Lower-intermediate to intermediate Outline Begin the lessons by speaking about your own experiences in a general way. Be careful not to give any details about these experiences. In other words, keep to the present perfect. I find topics such as travel, education, and hobbies work well. For example: Ive been to many countries in my life. Ive traveled in Europe and Ive visited France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. Ive also driven a lot in the United States. In fact, Ive driven through almost 45 states. Ask students to ask you questions about the specifics of some of your adventures. You may need to model this. However, students will hopefully be able to catch on fast and keep to the past simple. On the board, create a timeline showing past to present with some of your adventures. Put question marks above the general statements, specific dates above specific statements. Point out the difference between the two. You can use the ​tense time charts on this site as well. Introduce the question Have you ever ... for general experience. Review information questions in the past simple to focus on specific experiences. Model a few question-and-answer exchanges with students switching between Have you ever... followed by information questions When did you ..., Where did you ..., etc. when students answer in the affirmative.   Have students complete exercise one with partners or in small groups.   Moving around the class, listen to these conversations helping when necessary. To continue, ask students to fill in the worksheet following the example provided. Move around the room making sure students are switching between the present perfect and the simple past in writing. Exercise 1 Use the present perfect with Have you ever... to ask your classmates questions. When your partner answers yes, follow-up with information questions in the past simple. For example: Student 1: Have you ever been to China?Student 2: Yes, I have.Student 1: When did you go there?Student 2: I went there in 2005.Student 1: Which cities did you visit?Student 2: I visited Beijing and Shanghai. buy a new cartravel in a foreign countryplay football / soccer / tennis / golfwork in a large companyfly over the oceaneat something that made you sickstudy a foreign languagelose your money, wallet, or purseeat snailsplay an instrument Exercise 2 Write a few sentences on each of these topics. First, begin with a sentence using the present perfect. Next, write a sentence or two giving specific details. For example: I have learned three languages in my life. I studied German and Italian when I was in college. I also learned French when I visited the country for a three-month French language program in 1998.   Hobbies I have learnedPlaces I have visitedCrazy food I have eatenPeople I have metStupid things I have boughtSubjects I have studied

Commet To Peer Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Commet To Peer Response - Essay Example You also mention that problems with a master brand can spill over into the other house brands. Lenovo has to ensure that to maintain an excellent reputation with customers. This can be achieved by providing superb customer service, quality, reliability, and value. The company’s strategy of being one of the most innovative companies in the industry will help the firm achieve high customer retention. Customer retention is important due to the 80/20 rule. Pareto’s 80/20 rule states that 80% of a company’s sales come from 20% of its customers (Reh, 2012). In the computer industry innovation and efficiency are two critical success factors. The deal Lenovo made with IBM was a great strategy move that will bring synergies to the company. The ability to advertise the laptops using the IBM logo will drive the sales of the company upwards. The company has to have a long term plan in place because the marketing deal with IBM only lasts five

Assessment of Technology centric Strategies for information security Essay

Assessment of Technology centric Strategies for information security in an organization - Essay Example It is a "best practices" strategy in that it relies on the intelligent application of techniques and technologies that exist today. The strategy recommends a balance between the protection capability and cost, performance, and operational considerations." [National Security Agency] Fahey (2004) graduated from the SANS GSEC course and uses their systematic approach to addressing risk through defense in depth. The SANS approach promulgates an efficient and cost effective methodology for improving security. The organization for which he works already had a number of policies, each designed to address a multi-layered approach to IT security such as operations security, physical security and contingency and disaster recovery. Furthermore external security personnel routinely came to the organization to perform security audits. He was concerned that one area which had not been addressed was: "a systematic procedure designed to protect against electronic attacks from hackers. This was due in part to the false sense of security which comes from being behind a firewall and partly from a lack of experience in the information security field." (Fahey, 2004, p3) In putting together a Defense in Depth security policy one must consider the characteristics of one's adversary, the motivation behind an attack and the class of attack. An adversary may be anyone from a competitor to a hacker. They may be motivated by theft of intellectual property, denial of service or simply pride in bringing down a target. Classes of attack include passive or active monitoring of communications, identity theft or close-in attacks. Besides deliberate attacks there may also be inadvertent attacks on the system, such as fire, flood, power outages - and most frequently - user error. Information Assurance is achieved when information and information systems are protected against such attacks through the application of security services such as: Availability, Integrity, Authentication, Confidentiality, and Non-Repudiation. The application of these services should be based on the Protect, Detect, and React paradigm. This means that in addition to incorporating protection mechanisms, organizations need to expect attacks and include attack detection tools and procedures that allow them to react to and recover from these attacks. No system is perfectly secure, and it has been argued that no system needs to be. To achieve Information Assurance focus must be balanced on three elements: People, Technology and Operations. "Security goals have their own contradictions because confidentiality, integrity, privacy, accountability, and recovery often conflict fundamentally. For example, accountability requires a strong audit trail and end-user authentication, which conflicts with privacy needs for user anonymity." (Sandhu 2004, page 3) Fahey's methodology for evaluating risk used the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) approach which emphasizes the importance to the organization of a particular information asset. This approach focuses budget managers on the real threats to reputation and therefore the business' ability to survive against its competitors. Fahey focuses on 3 security risks in his article: passwords, policies and patches. Fahey's risk assessment relies heavily on SANS assessment of the top 20 risks for networks in 2003/4. This brings to light the

Strategic Alliance between two companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Strategic Alliance between two companies - Essay Example Consequently, the company sets up a strategic alliance with the latter that already has an established distribution network in the desired country of trade. This is a beneficial arrangement for both as the former company is able to expand its distribution network and the latter can improvise its existing product lines (Papageorgiou, Rotstein and Shah, 2001). The benefits that a company derives from a strategic alliance are the ability to hedge against uncertain and unprofitable situations, tap the potential of a new market, increase the knowledge base and obtain access to exclusive and critical information, which in turn strengthens its competitive position in the international market. A company is able to minimise on the transaction and distribution costs by way of engaging in strategic alliance. A strategic alliance also enables a company to be prompt and effective in pursuing an opportunity and to obtain resources that are absent. A company stabilises its resource base by leveragi ng the knowledge and resource base of the other. As a result, the company is able to gain easier access in the new markets and face lesser barriers to entry during an expansion plan. Strategic alliances, however, has to be formed in a very careful manner as these often fall through owing to mistrust between the two partners, especially when a large amount of competitive or exclusive information is involved. The benefits that a company derives from a strategic alliance are the ability to hedge against uncertain and unprofitable situations.

Two Complex Crises that preceded the Civil War Assignment

Two Complex Crises that preceded the Civil War - Assignment Example Northerners were not universally concerned with the humanitarian aspects of slavery, but they were almost unanimously against the growing political power of the Southern landowner. The Southern states had a disproportionate power in the House of Representatives and in the Electoral College due to the 3/5 count of slaves. By 1819, this rule boosted the membership of the Southern states in the House by 17 representatives. While this seems like backwards thinking, since of course if the slaves were to become free citizens they would receive a full count in the House of Representatives, those votes would likely fall in the same theme as those of the Northern anti-slavery states. This would help re-balance the scales in the House, the same way that admitting states in pairs between slave-owning and free states balanced the power in the Senate (Howe, 150). In order to settle this debate about the balance of power, Henry Clay helped to mediate the historical Missouri Compromise, which agree d that slavery would be prohibited in the new territory north of the line of 36 degrees 30' latitude. For the South, this compromise ensured the continuation of their ideal that there would be no end to slavery without the consent of the local white population, by majority vote. It also set as a principle what had already been the precedent, that states should be admitted into the United States in pairs, continuing the balance of power in the Senate between the two (Howe, 154). What could be considered the most important outcome of this compromise was that it solidified and clarified the viewpoint of the South toward emancipation. The situation surrounding the Missouri Compromise sHowe,d that even those Southerners who had a more moderate stance toward slavery in theory, when it came down to practice they were obviously against even gradual emancipation (Howe, 155). While the Missouri Compromise prevented the Republican party from falling apart along the lines of the Northern and So uthern states, it did later result in the the further division of Congress because of the practice of admitting states in pairs (Howe, 155, 836). The political party in the South known as the Radicals was gaining political power. These Radicals feared that the Missouri Compromise might lead to further compromises on the issue of slavery, and eventually end with the outlawing of all slave-owning practices (Howe, 402-403). Part 2: The Nullification Crisis This fear linked to a later controversy, the Nullification Crisis. This crisis centered around the Tariff of 1832, as the Radicals linked such tariffs with emancipation efforts (Howe, 402-403). This nullification would result in the removal of the federal price on land sales. If the group could pressure other states into following their lead on the tariff they could use it for slavery and protect the institution (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History). In 1832, South Carolina declared federal tariff on land sales to be voi d, and raised an army to defend this nullification (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History). The bill passed that nullified the tariff also mentioned the threat of secession from the Union if the tariff was not repealed (Howe, 404). President Jackson declared nullification illegal and had Congress pass the Force Act, which allows

Kohlbergs Principles of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kohlbergs Principles of Ethics - Essay Example Lawrence Kohlberg was one of the first serious thinkers to study and know about a person's ability to deal with ethical issues which could develop in later life and also whether education could affect that development (Source: Can Ethics Be Taught). Kohlberg developed a theory of moral reasoning, which according to him was the basis for ethical behavior and has three major levels split into six identifiable stages of moral development as shown below: The Stage 1 is a heteronomous orientation focusing on avoiding breaking rules that are backed by punishment, obedience for its own sake and avoiding the physical consequences of an action to persons and property (Source: Studies in moral development and education). The Stage 2 orientation focuses on the instrumental, pragmatic value of an action. Reciprocity is of the form. The Golden Rule becomes, "If someone hits you, you hit them back". Thus one follows the rules only when it is to someone's immediate interests. What is right is what's fair in the sense of an equal exchange, a deal, an agreement with his (her) own interest (Source: Studies in moral development and education). At Stage 3 individuals are aware of shared feelings, agreements, and expectations which take primacy over individual interests. Hence they define what is right in terms of what is expected by people close to their own self, and in terms of the stereotypic roles that define being good. Thus being good here means keeping mutual relationships, such as trust, loyalty, respect, and gratitude. The thinking is that of local community or family. There is no consideration of the generalized social system (Source: Studies in moral development and education). The Stage 4 shifts focus from defining what is right in terms of local norms and role expectations to defining right in terms of the laws and norms established by the larger social system. Thus defining one's social responsibilities. One must obey the law except in extreme cases in which the law comes into conflict with other prescribed social duties. Obeying the law is seen as necessary in order to maintain the system of laws which protect everyone (Source: Studies in moral development and education). While two stages have been mentioned in the third major level only one stage i.e., Stage 5, has received substantial empirical support. Stage 6 remains as a theoretical endpoint which rationally follows from the preceding 5 stages. This level is called the post conventional level and is characterized by reasoning based on principles, using a "prior to society" perspective. The individual's reason here is based on the principles which underlie rules and norms, but reject a uniform application of a rule or norm (Source: Studies in moral development and education). According to Campbell and Bond (1982) Kohlberg's ideas of moral reasoning, moral realism and morality are based on the premise that at birth all humans are void of morals, ethics and honesty. Kohlberg identified the family as first source of values and moral development for an individual. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy being honest or generous is just not a tendency to do what is honest or generous, nor is it to be helpfully specified as a "desirable" or "morally

Broadway Caf E-Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Broadway Caf E-Business - Assignment Example This essay stresses that the response to the children’s story hour concern would be that the cafà © appreciates all customers regardless of their ages and it is committed to meeting the needs of each group of customers. Nevertheless, the cafà © will make changes to ease the co-existing aspect of both parties by providing separate sections without interference with children and their activities. That response is given since the cafà © does not wish to lose customers who hate children interference. At the same time, the children’s story hour will remain an essential marketing strategy. Moreover, the management had noted with concern that children event resulted to a lot of disturbance for customers who wished to a have a quite and relaxed atmosphere. This paper declares that Broadway cafà © would have to incorporate proper e-business strategies. Knowledge management system can be utilized to source power over the cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s competitors. This strategy provides decision makers in management of the cafà © with the necessary insights when developing and making major decisions concerning the firm. Moreover, the system identifies trends in the market; hence, allowing employment of sound marketing strategies. Subsequently, the firm gains edge that is more competitive over its rivals firms. The system stores crucial information and data concerning the firm. Therefore, the management can surely keep their recipes, ingredients, and algorithms of producing their meals. This information can be used to train new staff or used when there is need to review their menus or algorithms. Generally, knowledge management system facilitates the management to make sound decisions that promote the wellbeing of the firm. Customer Relationship Mana gement system enhances communication between the firm and its customers. Through this strategy, the firm is able to collect information and feedback from its employees regarding its service and products offered. The system helps the management when making decisions, hence allowing the firm to meet the needs of clientele. Moreover, it is an essential tool to attract and retain customers. Further, the system can be used to profile customers in order to identify buying trends, as well as goods that are more purchased. Additionally, the system can help to identify peak seasons for proper allocation of staff and production of highly ordered menus. Overall, the system can be used to track purchasing of individual to reward in the loyalty program. Another e-business strategy tool is the use of a website, which informs customers of the products offered by the cafe and the various locations of cafes.

Kohlbergs Principles of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kohlbergs Principles of Ethics - Essay Example Lawrence Kohlberg was one of the first serious thinkers to study and know about a person's ability to deal with ethical issues which could develop in later life and also whether education could affect that development (Source: Can Ethics Be Taught). Kohlberg developed a theory of moral reasoning, which according to him was the basis for ethical behavior and has three major levels split into six identifiable stages of moral development as shown below: The Stage 1 is a heteronomous orientation focusing on avoiding breaking rules that are backed by punishment, obedience for its own sake and avoiding the physical consequences of an action to persons and property (Source: Studies in moral development and education). The Stage 2 orientation focuses on the instrumental, pragmatic value of an action. Reciprocity is of the form. The Golden Rule becomes, "If someone hits you, you hit them back". Thus one follows the rules only when it is to someone's immediate interests. What is right is what's fair in the sense of an equal exchange, a deal, an agreement with his (her) own interest (Source: Studies in moral development and education). At Stage 3 individuals are aware of shared feelings, agreements, and expectations which take primacy over individual interests. Hence they define what is right in terms of what is expected by people close to their own self, and in terms of the stereotypic roles that define being good. Thus being good here means keeping mutual relationships, such as trust, loyalty, respect, and gratitude. The thinking is that of local community or family. There is no consideration of the generalized social system (Source: Studies in moral development and education). The Stage 4 shifts focus from defining what is right in terms of local norms and role expectations to defining right in terms of the laws and norms established by the larger social system. Thus defining one's social responsibilities. One must obey the law except in extreme cases in which the law comes into conflict with other prescribed social duties. Obeying the law is seen as necessary in order to maintain the system of laws which protect everyone (Source: Studies in moral development and education). While two stages have been mentioned in the third major level only one stage i.e., Stage 5, has received substantial empirical support. Stage 6 remains as a theoretical endpoint which rationally follows from the preceding 5 stages. This level is called the post conventional level and is characterized by reasoning based on principles, using a "prior to society" perspective. The individual's reason here is based on the principles which underlie rules and norms, but reject a uniform application of a rule or norm (Source: Studies in moral development and education). According to Campbell and Bond (1982) Kohlberg's ideas of moral reasoning, moral realism and morality are based on the premise that at birth all humans are void of morals, ethics and honesty. Kohlberg identified the family as first source of values and moral development for an individual. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy being honest or generous is just not a tendency to do what is honest or generous, nor is it to be helpfully specified as a "desirable" or "morally

How precious metals relate to the economy Research Paper

How precious metals relate to the economy - Research Paper Example While gold remains the most popular investment vehicle for investors, silver, platinum, and palladium continue to hold strong interest. This research paper focuses on how these precious metals relate to the American economy and examines the price of the dollar in relation to these metals. This essay describes the history of the Western economy and banking structure, that was originally linked to gold through the gold standard. At a time in history all currency produced was held to a standard reserve of gold in the country’s central bank. However, recent decades have gradually witnessed a shift from this economic structure. Today precious metals operate in large degree like a currency, as they are subject to market inflations and deflations. There are many motivations for the purchase or investment in precious metals. In this context of understanding, this research paper reveales that precious metals largely function as a hedge for investors against fiat currency and volatile markets. In addition the nature of the historic relation between gold and currency is examined in terms of the gold standard. It’s noted that supporters argue going off the gold standards creates greater government volatility, while detractors argue that going off the gold standard creates the potential for a welfare state. Ultimately, it’s clear that both historically and in the contemporary environment precious metals and the economy are greatly intertwined.

Citizenship Activity Log Essay Example for Free

Citizenship Activity Log Essay As a group we decided on possible ideas and we came to a conclusion of having an aim. We aim to raise basic drug awareness amongst the teenage society in our school. We want to achieve this aim by sticking up posters around the school. These posters need to be informative and eye-catching so the message can be spread effectively.  Discuss with Mrs Walton   As a group we plan to discuss our final conclusion to gain constructive feedback, to improve our general idea. We plan to put the feedback into action to produce Checking with Maiden Erlegh School   Me and David spoke to Mr. Attridge (Head of Year) about leaving earlier than usual on the day of our activity so that we will be able to teach our lesson at the right time. He told us that we needed a letter from one of our parents so that we would be able to do this. Therefore Davids mother wrote a letter to Mr. Attridge about this issue. This relates to the importance of communicating well with colleagues and bosses to be able to achieve our target. Speak to Mrs. Walton   After giving a parents letter to our school, we were told to see Mrs. Walton (Head of Citizenship) so that she would tell us what we needed to do next to be able to have permission from school for leaving early on the day of our activity. Mrs. Walton informed us that the final step was to get a letter from our parents confirming permission to be able to leave school earlier. Then she told us that we should hand it in so that the school would be able to give us permission for our activity day. This step was important because it shows that it is crucial to have written permission evidence of events in the future in order to carry it out. This influences citizenship issues such as being a responsible citizen and being able to provide enough information for work places. Research on internet   In my own time, I researched different health and fitness exercises to perform with the class in our activity. I kept the document so that I would be able to learn and use it for our event. Researching is important due to that it provides you with valuable information and sources relating to the subject.  Meeting, what we have done and future   Me and David had a meeting where we discussed what we have done so far, and what we are going to do in the future. I explained and showed the researches which I did and we talked about what we were going to do after. We realised that we still had to confirm an exact date of our event and get the permission letters from our parents. Group meetings influence ideas and improve plans towards the future. It is important because you have to gather what you have done and discuss it with your colleague or partner.

High-tech Snooping Threatens Our Privacy :: Free Argumentative Essays

High-tech Snooping Threatens Our Privacy The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution states: The right of the people to be secure in their person's houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. The Fourth Amendment values privacy in the home and protects people's privacy from unlawful search and invasion. This topic interests me because I am concerned about the recent use of thermal imaging and the ways it could be used to invade the average citizen's privacy. Thermal imaging devices allows police to view heat as a visible light image. When police use this technique as a means of gathering evidence before a warrant is obtained, it can be said to violate our guaranteed Fourth Amendment rights under the Constitution. In the recent Supreme Court case, Kyllo v. United Sates, "the Supreme Court held that police use of a thermal imaging device to scan a suspect's residence violated his right under the Fourth Amendment. The decision had reversed a federal appeals court ruling finding the scan lawful" (Is warrantless?). In the case cited, police suspected Kyllo was growing marijuana in his home. They used a thermal imaging device from across the street to scan Kyllo's home to see if the level of heat escaping from it was consistent with high-intensity lights used to grow marijuana indoors. The result of the scan showed that portions of Kyllo's home were relatively hot compared to the rest of his home. Using the result of the scan, as well as other information, police obtained a warrant to search Kyllo's home, and found a marijuana-growing operation in their search. When the trial court refused to suppress the evidence, Kyllo appealed to the federal court and challenged the legality of the search, saying a search warrant should have been obtained prior to using the thermal imaging device. Law-enforcement officials argued that a warrant was not required before a using technological surveillance device that merely records information about a home that is exposed to public view. The federal appeals court affirmed the trial court's decision, finding that Kyllo had no subjective expectation of privacy because he did not try to conceal the heat escaping from his home. Even if he had, the appeals court said, there was no objectively reasonable expectation of privacy because the thermal imager did not expose any intimate details of Kyllo's life, only vague hot spots on his home's exterior.

The Photographers Eye Essay -- Photography

In Szarkowski’s essay ‘The Photographer’s Eye’, he discusses how photography has taught us to see from the unexpected vantage point, as well as how ‘photography’s ability to challenge and reject our schematized notions of reality is still fresh’ (Szarkowski. 1966. Page 11). When thinking about vantage point myself, two very different ideas of this characteristic of photography came to mind, which I will discuss and compare in this essay. Firstly, perhaps the more obvious, was the concept of where a photograph is taken from, for example looking at a subject or scene from a position that allows the photographer a favourable view. A very literal approach. Therefore I decided to think more about how Szarkowski said photography teaches us to see from the unexpected vantage point, and on a visit to the V&A Museum I found Fred Zinnemann’s photograph ‘Empire State Building from the Subway’ (1950) which I think begins to address this idea; the photograph certainly shows an unexpected position for the artist to have photographed the subject from. With the title of the image being ‘Empire State Building’, this surely suggests that Zinnemann intended this to be the main subject and focus point for the viewer, making the position that the artist chose to photograph from very interesting. The empire state building itself is actually set in the background of the image, allowing the viewer to take in the maybe unconventional framing of it, notably the blacked out railings of the subway that are so prominent. Whether Zinnemann intended this or not, I think the vantage point in this image allows for the viewer to re late to the scene more, as it is from a perspective that they could see everyday, when at the same time I feel it also directs the v... ...Brooklyn Family going for a Sunday Outing. [photograph] (Tate Modern Collection) Zinnemann, F., 1950. Empire State Building from the Subway [image online]. Available at: http://www.mutualart.com/Artwork/Empire-State-Building-from-the-Subway--c/AD8E090F77375033 [Accessed January 2012]. Calle, S., 1981. The Hotel, Room 47 [image online]. Available at: http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?cgroupid=999999961&workid=26559&searchid=10437&tabview=image [Accessed January 2012]. Arbus, D., 1970. Jewish Giant at Home with His Parents in the Bronx [image online]. Available at: http://masters-of-photography.com/A/arbus/arbus_jewish_giant_full.html [Accessed January 2012]. Arbus, D., 1966. A Young Brooklyn Family going for a Sunday Outing [image online]. Available at: http://www.studio-international.co.uk/studio-images/arbus/82364761_b.asp [Accessed January 2012].

Control immigration Essay

Every now and then, especially in periods of crisis, the argument of restricting the access of immigrants to one’s own country resurfaces. Whether a country is flourishing or struggling, there is never enough for all: there’s always someone else which is too many and comes to steal your air, particularly if he is poor, dirty, not speaking well your language, and so different from you. The fear and suspicion toward the immigrants is the easiest instinct an unscrupulous leader could incite in an ignorant undiscerning crowd. The grounds proposed to restrict immigration, and persecute or throw out foreigners, are the most selfish, vile and oblique, or specious and exploitable are its supports in any case. It is said that immigration policies must be tightened because many â€Å"illegal† immigrants enter the country day by day, but there does not exist a man or woman which is â€Å"illegal† outside a human artifice: a person can not be â€Å"illegal†. It is a universal right for people to stand and inhabit the land they want when doing no harm; men and women have no other home than the one that they choose. The nationalists (and the like) want to believe or make believe that the country has reached its limit of reception, but a land, unlike a field, it is not a private property: you cannot claim its possess just because you arrived first and declare who could come in and who cannot. Nation are fictitious, borders are drawn. It is being said that the immigrants come into the country to â€Å"steal† jobs and resources to the natural citizens, and profit from their welfare system, but the vast majority of newcomers come with the hope and the intent of building a living and keep themselves with fatigue, contributing to the wealth of their new country all along, whereas they undertake all the sort of jobs the so-called natural citizens don’t want to do anymore. There is no â€Å"natural† citizen (especially in the case of Americans): everybody came from somewhere, and all have always moved, and always will. There is no right of  first-class people with precedence over second-class ones; the class is one: the humankind. The fear gets spread professing that the immigrants bring crime with them, but the crime level they raise it is the one caused by the laws that consider them â€Å"illegal† from the beginning, simply because they are considered undesired by an authority that doesn’t grant them the right to stand where they have arrived with great difficulties and fatigue: instead of pursuing the duty of integration the states fill up their jails with whom escaped the toils of the rejections relegating these people to the fringe of society, where the crime is a means to survive, and the worst tendencies find the worst companies. Anti-immigration laws create illegality. Nearly every emigrant flees from backgrounds of intense poverty, maladies, scarcity, violence, persecutions, hopelessness and wars (or they are simply trying to achieve a better life), and trying to stem with force an inevitable social process, byproduct of that same globalization system promoted by who opposes to fluxes of migrants, can just produce a climate of terrorism. In the meantime, the dread and the hate toward the foreign and the diverse, and the battle of the poor against the poor(er), keep a population distracted from the real causes and persons responsible for its penalties. Beware of a society where goods and financial capitals have more freedom of the people themselves.

Discussion and Lab Questions Essay

Discussion Questions: Who is someone that you feel you have a positive relationship with? What role do you think openness and truthfulness have in making this relationship positive?- I think that I have a positive relationship with my high school coach because she is always there for me if I need something and she listens to what’s have to say. Even though she is older then I am, I feel like we are best friends and we understand each other. I think they have an effect on the relationship because without trust and being open with them, they maybe will not trust you and May have a hard time believing what you are saying. What effects do you think the various types of media (TV, Internet, newspapers, Facebook, etc†¦) have on your own life and your family? Do you think the overall effect is negative or positive? How can parents reduce the negative effects?-I think it has a big effect on the family because everyone is always on their phone and you never are able to have a family discussion on how things are doing. They are always focused on the internet, tv, phones, etc. 5.09 Lab Questions: 1.How can parents avoid temper tantrums?- Parents can avoid temper tantrums by having a plan for when they are put into this situation. 2.What are the A, B, Cs?- The A is attribute and that is what you would want your child to learn. The B is the behavior that you want your child to accommodate with what you have learned. C is the compassion that you want your child to compare with their behavior. 3.Do you think using consequences and following the ABC process will help shape a child’s behavior? Why or why not?- I do think that the ABC process with help as long as the consequence is related to what they did and will make a difference. The child will also realize that you are serious and will want the consequences to stop to change their behavior. 1.What are some of the reasons why people may not talk to babies as much  today as they used to?- They probably don’t talk to them as much because the parenting structures have changed and people now are much too busy. 2.Why do you think developing language skills is important for a child? – I think developing language skills is important because it affects their ability to make friends, be sociable and emotionally good people. 3.What are some of the ways that parents can encourage the development of language skills? – Parents can encourage the development of language skills by communicating with their child and listening to them so that they can practice and not feel as stressed when they talk to people.

Different forms of budgeting and their purpose

The intent of budgeting system is the set of processs used to function the demands of direction maps of planning and control that refers to the importance of communicating and motive as an facet of direction to which direction accounting should lend or develop. Budgeting systems have five ( 5 ) primary intents which include ; planning, easing communicating and coordination, apportioning resources, commanding net income and operations and measuring public presentation and supplying inducements. However, be aftering and control are the major activities in most administrations and budgets are at the Centre of these activities. The footings planning and control are used to propose that they mean the same thing, but they are two different constructs. Planing involves on persons who make up an administration to be after in front in other to accomplish those aims, whereas control involves in set uping budgets for different sections giving duties to single directors in the addition that the aims set down at the planning phase are all working toward that end through the parts of administration. Therefore, budgeting is important portion of planning and control because they both plan for the hereafter. A company public presentation determines by budgeting as a direction tool to back up motive, planning, communications and determination devising. Budget is a elaborate degree program which sets out, in money footings, where companies plan and maintain budget on either an accrual or hard currency footing. A budget is besides refers to as a fiscal footings or quantitative footings used to project future income and disbursals such as labour hours, stuff purchases, or units of gross revenues. Budgeting helps administrations implement specific schemes to run into ends and aims. Budgets are of class internal to the administration and like most direction accounting information, does non organize portion of the administration ‘s published fiscal statement. Hence, non everyone is responsible for fixing budgets, but everyone within an administration will be affected by them. ( Hugh Coombs, et.al, 2005, pg91 ) . Many senior direction duties are to enforce different budgets on different sections. Hence, if the readying of the budgets involves the employees in the administration at a lower degree so budgets is more likely to be accepted. These will do people work as a squad ensuing in increased motive. Employees will be more motivated with increase engagement and encouragement as this could besides be more good to hold a wages system such as addition on wages, publicities etc. All this will hold a large impact to the company and enables the company turn hence, if employees do n't acquire what they requested so, employees may disregard the system holding small importance to the concern and this could impact the aims of the company. In order to hold a successful budgeting, a good communicating should be efficaciously in order to run into marks and aims. Different types of budgets serve different intent. The type of budget includes maestro, capital, operating ( for income statement points comprised of gross and disbursals ) , fiscal ( for balance sheet points ) , gross revenues, capital, production and undertaking. These budgets are briefly explained below. Master Budget is the chief end product of a budgeting system. It is normally prepared yearly or quarterly. The maestro budget has three ( 3 ) constituents: the budgeted net income and loss history for the twelvemonth, the budgeted hard currency flow statement and the budgeted balance sheet. Operating and Financial Budgets the operating budget trades with how operations are carried out to bring forth an administration ‘s goods or services. The fiscal budget accent on how an administration will get fiscal resources during the budget period. Gross saless Budget is used to make company gross revenues ends that show the jutting gross revenues in units and the projected gross revenues gross. Capital Budget shows a anticipation of company demands in respect to capital assets, such as land, equipment, vehicles, edifices, and machinery. The capital budget helps the company program for acquisition and disposal of assets that include the usage of available hard currency or outside funding. Production Budget indicates the figure of units of services or goods that must be produced each budgeted period to run into gross revenues demands and to supply for the coveted stoping stock list. Undertaking Budget shows the anticipation of the costs associated with a peculiar company undertaking such as labor, stuffs and other related disbursals. The readying of budgets forces directors to believe about and program for the hereafter, which assumes to be the most of import characteristic of a budgetary planning and control system. This planning procedure encourages staffs from a administration to lend on regular footing to the formation of the overall program and to place possible troubles at an early phase. People ‘s personal budget allows them to cognize how much money they have to direct, how their financess are allocated to be after for the hereafter. A budget is tool usage to supply a agency of pass oning direction ‘s programs that guarantee all parts of the administration are kept to the full informed of the programs and of the policies. For illustration, if a household are traveling through a trouble with their budget, a good communicating will be a good tool to give a better apprehension of their budget. Furthermore, benefits of budget allow you to take the chance to cognize your exact fiscal place that kee ps the lines of communicating unfastened. Budgeting is one of the most of import direction constructs in modern concern administration. Harmonizing to Dawn ( 2003 ) , approximately 69 % companies in Europe still operate their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activities with formalistic traditional budgeting systems. This has develop the hereafter an administration and its environment, organizing activities and undertakings, advancing communicating between sections and actuating employees ( Webber & A ; Linder, 2005 ) & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jcuedu.au/tldinfo/writingsskills/models/papers/ CO5103essay1.pdf & gt ; . Budgeting consumes excessively much clip and dearly-won to little concerns. For illustration, it could take 60 yearss for a large company to be after their budget.

Four Points Kingston Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Four Points Kingston - Case Study Example The objective of the Four Point Kingston is that to provide the proper response and service to the people or the customers who comes there and to provide them rooms with a nominal and a reasonable tariff compared to the other resorts or the hotels. Apart from that they also provide the people with a good equipment room and lot of relaxation games and the activities that are present there. Also to give the customers a happy and a long lasting memory full of happiness about the stay in the resort. Four Point Kingston is providing a lot of features to the customer but it also have some other problems and issues they are nothing but the problems due to the competitions and the future planning. This has to be taken into account and should be dealt in an expertise manner in order to avoid the bitter results because the competitive places are also the reputed ones and they do provide a good customer service. The main problem is that the competitive places have a fully equipped sight seeing place that is from the place the Kingston harbor is visible and is able to provide the customers a nice sight seeing place in the same way four point also provides the sight seeing of a lake which tallies the other. Apart from this pro Apart from this problem Four Point also suffers some other problem which is the vacancy of the rooms. Most of the customers who arrive to Kingston come mainly to be relaxed and to get some pleasure. So most of the rooms get booked only in the season timing and mostly they are all peak at that time. But at the other timings most of the rooms are left just like that this is the other problem faced by the Kingston group. SHORT TERM & LONG TERM The Four Point Kingston is a nice place for the tourists to stay and enjoy having pleasure but also certain things has to get enhanced because there are certain places that has been developed in a greater extent to attract more number of people. So it has to concentrate on the profits and the enhanced services that have to be provided in the mere future. RECOMMENDATION Lot of recommendations can be given for the development in the short term the main thing that has to be increased is the revenues to the concern or in other words the profitability to the four points. This can be achieved by allotting the vaccant rooms to a least benefit by giving certain concessions and at the same time through some simple enhanced services instead of the costly ones. Like instead of giving coffee machines can provide coffee to the persons directly twice a day or else providing some decent but cheaper drinks. So the vacant rooms also will be occupied and at the same time the lesser cost will be tallied using this system. Also making the conference halls well equipped. But

China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

China - Essay Example Senior persons are expected to begin the introductions unlike in American culture. Chinese gift-giving is made with both hands and gifts but Chinese people usually reject gifts in the first occasion as a show of politeness. However, such gifts should not be of white or black color since it is a symbol of death or bad tragedy according to the culture. American culture on gift-giving is flexible since people can send their gifts through posts even without well established relationships (Alon 56). Chinese culture is male dominated unlike American culture which appreciates equality. Chinese culture has formal hierarchy which values age and status of the individual in the society unlike American culture that is informal. Chinese culture on social relationships is influenced by Confucianism behaviors that provide the subject and ruler. For instance, children should have maximum loyalty and respect to age and seniority in the family unlike American culture where respect is accorded according to ones achievements in life. In social gatherings, Chinese people prefer public places like restaurants and one should demonstrate they are enjoying the occasion while the host of the event begins eating first unlike American culture which prefers to host social gatherings in homes and private places (Alon 104). Chinese business culture values well established social relationships and face to face interactions and meetings unlike American culture which is geared at completing the tasks and written rules business and communication such as e-mails and telephone conversations. On the issue of government, Chinese culture is nationalistic and patriotic and obeys the authority and hierarchy in society quietly. Chinese people respect their traditional beliefs and main religions include Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism while American religious culture is secular and characterized by various religious

Mark Twain essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mark Twain essays - Essay Example He starts a newspaper, introduces coins, manufactured bicycles, set up telephone networks, and established power generation plants. He brought the sixth century civilization to the 20th century level in the course of a few years. When the king and the Boss were sold as slaves and were about to be executed, it was a long and picturesque of 500 mailed and belted knights on bicycles that came to the rescue. Finally when the church and the knights were out to destroy the new civilization, the strategy employed was to build a wire fence around, charged with electricity. A knight would come and touch the wire with his sword and he would be dead at once apparently for no reason. Some one else would come and touch his shoulder to ask why he was silent, and he would be killed too! Killed by a dead friend in fact! 25000 brainless knights perished like this, and the Boss and his handful of smart boys won owing to their strategy. David Wilson also had a scientific bent of mind, though of a different kind. He was a scotch national in America to seek his fortunes. He came as a young post graduate in law, though he did not handle cases in courts. It was he who developed the science of finger prints, that wonderful science for the establishment of people’s identity. He was too much of a scientist that ordinary people could not understand him and this resulted in his being nicknamed Pudd’nhead Wilson. It was he who solved the mystery surrounding Tom. Body: Hank introduces various improvements such as the newspaper, telephone net- works, bicycle factories, power generation plants etc. He uses these occasions to create spectacular effects. He is not for using them quietly without publicity or excitement. To use his own words, â€Å"I always use that high style when I am climaxing an effect† ( p. 23) This trait is seen in all his actions. In the course of the dinner at Dowley’s place, he indifferently tosses $4, a huge amount then, on to the

HG Wells, From the war of the worlds (1898) and All you zombies Essay

HG Wells, From the war of the worlds (1898) and All you zombies - Essay Example On the other hand, All you Zombies seems to revolve around the idea of time. Both the two stories are written in a rather journalistic style. As for the case of The war of the Worlds, the almost factual description of the invasion of the aliens helps to provide some logic to the story. Both the two stories have adopted the first person narration style with the narrators giving a firsthand account of most of the proceedings, a style that further enhances the provision of a fairly wide perspective of the unfolding of events. In the War of the worlds, the aliens first appear in the country in the form of space-going simulated cylinders which when opened they seemed to emit some octopus-like creatures which would also pull in some human beings (Wells, 1988). This leads to the commencement of a war between the army and the Martian’s three legged fighting machines referred to as the tripods that used a combination of a ray of heat and certain chemical components. However, the aliens prove to be more powerful than the army whom they defeat with ease before proceeding to attack the communities surrounding they crater where the cylinders first landed. Being a follower of a Darwinian supporter, Wells seems to display some element of support for the theory’s assumption of the existence of some natural forces of selection in the evolution of organisms. The illustration of the battle that ensues between the army and the aliens from mars can be pointed as a struggle that is almost similar to the theory of natural selection. The fittest in this context are the Martian aliens who are able to outdo the human race due to their development of far more superior intelligence exhibited by their ability to produce highly developed weapons than those of mankind. On the same note, the invasion by the aliens in the war of the worlds seems to explain the ever continuing process of evolution. The narrator depicts the Martian aliens as possessing rather overdeveloped brains c omplemented by a reduced ability to make use of their emotions. In the human context, this therefore implies that in just the same case, the human brain may develop to the extent that it surpasses the rate of overall body development. Thus, mankind will remain to be more of a thinking man rather than an action based creature that would therefore rely on other mechanical devices just as the Martian three legged creature. In All you Zombies, time travel paradoxes seem to be a persistent technique in the plot of the story. In such techniques, more often characters within the story can meet themselves in time or inadvertently change the course of history in such a manner that their trip back to their original time is almost impossible. The story takes place in an unspecified future where space travel is a fact of life and attitudes toward sex and prostitution are very different from what they are today. In the story, the central character is a member of a certain group of time policemen disguising himself as a bartender with the aim of gaining the services of a sob story writer. The customer incidentally reveals the story of his life to the bartender explaining that he was born a girl before later getting pregnant and while giving birth, the doctor asserts her that she was a hermaphrodite. Since there were some complications while giving birth, she had to be removed her female organs which therefore made her

In Burmese Days George Orwell vividly describes life in a British Essay

In Burmese Days George Orwell vividly describes life in a British overseas colony in the waning days of imperialism - Essay Example Though the Europeans do little work, they complain about the prick heat and the possible acceptance of the locals into their exclusively European club. An overwhelming majority of British holds themselves superior to the Burmese and feel they should rule over the less intelligent niggers. In the story Elizabeth, the orphaned niece of Lackersteen’s, is surprised by Flory soft nature towards the locals. Elizabeth also learns from Mrs. Lackersteen’s that Flory keeps a native Mistress while she detests the locals and views them as ‘beastly’. The relationship between the Europeans and the natives can be further described as discriminative. European men have intimate relationships with the natives, but the natives are strictly prohibited from marrying Europeans. A child born of a native and a European is regarded as an outcast and denied a job by the government until they denounce their European blood (Orwell 98). Further cruelty between the native Burmese and th e Europeans is shown when Maxwell, the acting Divisional forests officer shots a local rebel. Maxwell is brought back to the town dead a few days after that. A tense situation occurs between the locals and the Europeans, and the situation deteriorates after Ellis launches a spiteful attack on the local native children. Ellis decision to punish the children instead of the culprits responsible for Maxwell’s death proves that the relationship between the natives and the Europeans is that of a slave to a master (Orwell 84). Though the British do not despise the Asians as much as they detest the local Burmese natives, the relationship between the two is not hospitable. The European community is highly against the acceptance of Dr. Veraswami an Asian into the exclusive European club. Based on Dr. Veraswami’s thinking, the British also views their position as superior to the Asians. Dr. Veraswami views his Asian kind as lesser humans compared to the Europeans (Orwell 59).This view can be presented as the same view possessed by the Europeans as majority of them are against acceptance of Dr. Veraswami into the all inclusive European club. Finally, Dr. Veraswami is demoted after the death of Flory, his only European supporter. U Po Kyin a corrupt magistrate plots the escape of a prisoner, causing a rebellion which is blamed on Dr. Veraswami. Magistrate U Po Kyin plans to deny the doctor a position in the European club and claim the membership instead as he feels a non European is not deserving of a position in the club. The Asians view the Europeans as superior, and the gulf between them is widely divided by race and classifications of the inhabitants of the small town. The race composition is divided into: Europeans, Chinese, Asians and at last Burmese natives. In the story we find that Dr. Veraswami wants to be part of the exclusive European Club although he doesn’t plan to attend any of the sessions (Orwell 101). Dr. Veraswami only wants to be pa rt of the club because of the social prestige and respect that is given to members of the European club, particularly because he would be the only Asian member of the club. Dr. Veraswami also views his kind as lesser human beings, stressing the fact that the Asians considered the Europeans superior. The British view their main mission as economic exploitation and colonization of the

Jonathon Swift’s Concern for Ireland Essay Example for Free

Jonathon Swift’s Concern for Ireland Essay In the essay â€Å"A Modest proposal’ Jonathon Swift shows an obvious concern for the conditions of Ireland at that time. He expresses this in a number of ways. Although his proposal may have then and of course in today’s society have seemed completely out of the realm of realistic, he very effectively demonstrated how the proposal would have significantly benefited the overall economy of the country at that time. His concern was expressed first through an obvious concern for the women who were forced to beg for food in order to feed their children, secondly he was concerned about the children growing up and being unable to provide for themselves, and thirdly he showed concern for the lack of sufficient food supply for the country. The proposal he presented was well thought out and designed to solve all three of these problems. First, the proposal would help the women who were unable to care for their children, by providing them with some extra money. He figured how much it would cost to feed a new infant for the first year of life and subtracted that from the amount a woman could be paid for the child when she sold it. This amount would give her enough extra money to buy some food and even clothing for her remaining children. By selling the younger of her children, she is better off not only financially, but she has fewer children to worry about feeding and clothing. This makes her quality of life and that of her remaining children much better. Swift’s second concern for the children, who grow up in poverty remaining in poverty, is easily solved by his proposal. In the proposal, the children would no longer be a drain on the economy and in fact would actually contribute to the overall improvement of society. By being introduced to the food supply of the country, they would benefit a large number of people, which would prove to be a much better way of spending a life than growing up and resorting to begging or stealing in order to continue to survive. The third concern was for the lack of sufficient food supply for the people in the country. His proposal of selling the infants born into poverty as food would greatly increase the amount of available food on the market and thus make it possible for a larger number of people to be sufficiently nourished. In addition to increasing the amount of food available, by eating the poor people’s, or the majority of the population’s children, the population would not grow as quickly and the increased need for food would be greatly lessened. Although most people would find this proposal to be shocking and completely unacceptable, it did reflect his concerns for the condition of the country and proposed a way to solve the problem. If people took the time to look past the shock value of the proposal, it becomes obvious that he was upset with the society and wanted to see change. He goes into great detail on how this proposal would be good for the society and the economy. It would greatly reduce the number of people living in poverty, reduce the amount of people begging on the streets and the crime rate, and help the poor women become more productive members of society. The children would not be forced to grow up and continue the poverty cycle, and the wealthy people in the country would have many more options available for the evening meals and entertaining guests.

Factors that Affect Child Development

Factors that Affect Child Development Unit 2: Understanding and Promoting Children’s Development. All children develop at different speeds, but will usually follow an expected pattern. Gaining an understanding of the expected pattern of development can help to identify where children have significant delays in their development. It is important for practitioners working with children to have a good knowledge of child development in order to identify any development delays early. When we are looking a child development, it some areas we need to examine the areas of physical development, cognitive development, communication development, social development, moral development.When we talk about physical development in children, we usually mean two things: the development by which children grow physically, and their increasing skill at achieving a range of different motor tasks, using their large and lesser strengths. As their great weights develop, children go in stage from rolling over to riding a tricycle. As their slight muscles develop, children go since seizing a rattle to easin g beads or eventually writing. Cognitive development is concerned with the child’s intellectual development. Children often change faster than we understand, changing and developed  until they reach a  fundamental milestone. One second they are throwing board books in the toy box, the next they are exploding through the pages of  story books  and as they grow older, they start reading for their own enjoyment and choosing their own books. Piaget was a main theorist and psychologist who developed stages to understand cognitive development. He used to observation the on the child’s thinking and suggested that children progress through a series of stage in their thoughtful, each of which agrees to wide-ranging changes in the structure or logic of their intelligence. Piaget called the main stages of development the sensory motor, concrete operations, and the preoperational and Formal operational stage and emphasised that they occur in that order. Good link to Piaget’s theory. With communication development of the child, in the first five years of life, when brain development is most speedy, children are more open to learning and more receptive to educational experiences than they will ever be. If a child is communicating less than others of his age, he is unlikely to develop the responses essential to his progress. That child’s communication development may be delayed. Freud and Erikson believed that a child’s development can be affected by their personalities rather than their ability. Concrete learning needs may affect progress because a child having difficulties with reading and writing and they are not receiving the extra help they need will probably reduce their chances of progress. As a person and a human being a child is different from other beings as children grow older, they become increasingly more independent and will often find themselves in situations where they need to make their own decisions. A childs effective development al ways occurs in relation to the dynamics of education and can never be explained apart from them, but decision making can seriously stress them out and affect their health. Later incapacity to make decisions could be because of knowledge incapacity, psychological health problems, brain damage, alcohol and drug misuse, or any other of illness or disability. However, some types parental of decisions such as marriage, civil partnership, divorce, sexual relationships and adoption. Social and emotional development is about the way in which children learn to be with others. Children will find it hard to make friends if they have not learned; for example children have their earliest strongest relationships with their parent which is called attachment and appears to be essential for children’s late development. In the 1950s research showed how important they were. John Bowlby was one of the researches who believe there was a link between later abilities to form relationships and respect society’s rules and children’s early attachments. He noted that moving from home to when children enter nursery or school, they separation anxiety which can be tough for children of the all ages. It is important to identify this and find ways of helping them. Moral development is the way in which children learn the difference between right and wrong. This is a question that is difficult to answer. Some theories are presented by Lowrence Kohlberg and Piaget. Both believe people change as they are grew up including behaviour, social and their different abilities and may react very differently to real life situations that they find themselves when they are in a dilemma or strange environment. Piaget results was distinguished different stages in children’s and how they aware of the rules of play games and judging children or punish them which could be the child subjectivism which child cooperation but not understanding the rules and consequences as chosen to fit crime. However, Kohlberg agree with Piaget’s theory he believe dilemma can occur in real life. Kohlberg hypothesised that in societies still limited of some stages of moral development. There are factor that influence a child’s life denied from nature or genetics, such as: problems during pregnancy and at birth, health, disability or mental health conditions. However, children’s development is a shaped by both what they are born with and the experiences that they have. Children’s development starts from conception. Genetic information packaged together from the egg and sperm. This process at conception is not always perfect as sometimes genetic information is faulty and this can affect children’s health or development. Babies’ development can also be affecte during pregnancy by such conditions as: smoking, drugs and alcohol which can harm babies. Foetal alcohol syndrome can also affects the way a baby’s brain develops and is caused by exposure to alcohol whilst in the womb. The premature birth of a child can influence later development. If the baby may not breathe straight away or may be injured during the birth this could c ause learning difficulties. Child health is determined by a variety of factors such as their genetic make up for example: a child may be born with a blood disorder and sickle cell disease and poor health can affect a child’s development as children may find it harder to make friends because they miss the sessions or they cannot physical enjoin in. This means that professionals who work with children have to look at ways of making sure that children do not lose out. There are reasons why development may not follow expected patterns. Disabilities or health conditions are genetic that begin in the early years of children’s lives and influence their development. Also different types of disability will affect development in different ways, such as Down syndrome a genetic disability that affects a child’s cognitive ability and growth. External factors from the environment can affect a child’s development such as poverty, diet, family background, family circumstances, personal decision, education and housing. Poverty is one of the most devastating yet stoppable conditions working against the health development of children. In the UK increasing numbers of children are experiencing poverty. This can influence a child’s physical health, emotional and psychological health. Absolute poverty is a lack of basic human needs including food, shelter, warmth, sanitation, health care and education. Children’s growth, behaviour and development can be affected by their diet. A stable diet will help children to continue healthy, as well as grow. Families experiencing poverty may buy cheaper food, which are often or highly processed, containing amounts of saturated fat, salt and sugar and minimal nutritional value. These types of food can lead to obesity and malnutrition in children making them lethargic, unse ttled and hyperactive in certain health conditions. Families experiencing poverty or those on lower incomes may live in housing that is of poor conditions can lead more susceptible to illness. Children who live in crowded housing or who have limited access to large areas may not get the opportunities to exercise and develop their physical skills. This can lead to obesity and delay in physical development. Different cultures may hold different values and beliefs about how children are brought up, for example: girls in many cultures are not given the same opportunities as boys, which will limit their development because they are not able to go to school. Another example: in traveller families traditionally they see the female as the homemaker and girls from around the age 10, are removed from school in order to take care of the families. This can affect their development as they are not receiving the statutory education as recommended in the UK. Unexpected delays and disabilities can develop as the child grows up. If a practitioner is about concerned the child and is truly doubtful somethings wrong, they should speak up, although parents are often the first to notice developmental delays because they know their children best. Most developmental testing is done by health visitors but, if theysuspecta child hasnot been successful to reach a milestone at a given time, it is important to identify their support needs early in order to get the appropriate intervention in place to support overall learning and development, and to reduce the impact that the delay may have on the child. When the child has development delay this can lead to frustration, changes in behaviour and less opportunity. Early Intervention is a national programme that created in the 1975 Education of All Handicapped Children Act the early intervention programme was designed to provide cognitive stimulation and an aim is to prevent the lower intellectual functioning of the children at risk and to achieve the best thinkable outcome for the child.. For example, this would suits low income, pregnant women with low educational achievement, also providing facilities to children and toddlers with disabilities and their families or carers and helping children growing up to learn the basic skills that emphasise the development of cognitive, language, social and motor skills for the first three years of their life. This programme will help to meet the child’s individual’s needs and may include the different services to provide for them, for example, medical services, nursing, health status, physical therapy, psychological services etc. Services may also be provided to address the needs and priori ties of the child’s family. Family-centred services are supposed to help family members understand the special needs of their child and how to enhance their development. Early intervention practitioners are allocated by the Educational Individual Plan (EIP) agency according to the knowledge, assistances and expertise needed. Different developmental outcomes may be covered by early intervention practitioners. Firstly, a specialist doctors needs to diagnose the child’s development status to establish the need for early intervention. Next, the child must be assessed to identify its strengths and development needs. Thirty, support should be provide for the family to help them understand the child’s special needs and enhance its development. Health services will enable the child as benefit from other early intervention such as special needs therapy and an audiologist should identify any auditory problem. Learning activities should be planned to help the child learn new skills. The key worker should identify technical equipment to assist any child with development delays or disabilities. Early intervention is essential to achieve the best possible outcome for the child. However multi-agencies working is important too especially when all the professionals are involved with a child as they share information and co-operate with each other lives can be improved and even protected. Multi-agency working will be established following on from early intervention of a delay in a child’s development. Baby P is an example of multi-agencies not working together properly, early intervention did not occur and they did not work together to help prevent the unnecessary death. Early years practitioners can provide information for local services which may be helpful to disadvantaged or helpless families, we can work together with social workers, health authorities and even DHSS by helping to complete forms for additional benefits the family may be entitled to. The best interest of the child is always the importance, policies and guidance must also be followed when a referral is being made to a separate agency, working together for the advantage of the child. References: Department for children, schools and families (2010) Early Intervention Securing good outcomes for all children and young people http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DCSF-00349-2010.pdf In 1975 Education of All Handicapped Children Act in UK http://www.educationengland.org.uk/history/chapter07.html Freud and Erikson (1930) child’s development can be affected by their personalities rather than their ability http://psych.ku.edu/dennisk/CP333/Emotional_Mid_Child.pdf Jean Piagets (1973) Stages of Cognitive Development http://www.icels-educators-for learning.ca/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=46Itemid=61 Kohlberg, L. Turiel, E. (1971). Moral development and moral education. In Lawrence Kohlberg,Collected Papers on Moral Development and Moral Education (1973),pp. 410-465.